Everything about Fine Chemicals totally explained
Fine chemicals are pure, single chemical substances that are commercially produced with chemical reactions into highly specialized applications. Fine chemicals produced can be categorized into
active pharmaceutical ingredients and their intermediates,
biocides, and speciality chemicals for technical applications.
In chemical technology, a distinction is made between
bulk chemicals, which are produced in massive quantities by standardized reactions, and fine chemicals, which are custom-produced in smaller quantities for special uses. There is a very large number of fine chemicals that are produced, and thus the chemistries of producing them need to be flexible, whereas the
atom economy isn't as critical as for bulk chemicals. Owing the to the small volume and often-changing chemistry, fine chemicals production is more expensive, generates more waste and requires a higher research investment per kilogram. However, fine chemicals are produced in industrial quantities unlike
research chemicals, which are produced only in the laboratory.
With the introduction of new drugs to the market, the chemical identities of pharmaceuticals and their intermediates change often, and they're also produced in small quantities, thus being fine chemicals. Active pharmaceutical ingredients are formulated in a separate factory, where they're compounded with inert
pigments,
solvents and
excipients, and made into dosage forms. Fine chemicals manufacture of pharmaceuticals and intermediates needs to conform to the strict
Good Manufacturing Practice standards, and is monitored by the food and drug authorities, particularly the
FDA.
Biocides include
pesticides,
herbicides and other specialized chemicals that are used in agriculture to inhibit or kill pests and weeds and thus improve crop yields. New biocides are developed somewhat slower than new pharmaceuticals.
Speciality chemicals are produced for technical applications. Inks, performance-enchancing additives, special coatings, and photographic chemicals are common examples.
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